Its part of our life and its not that I dont stop and think about it. McMillans employer, Captain Lachlan Macalister, described the squatters as legally authorised occupiers of Crown lands. The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. 0000115891 00000 n This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the hidden history of the 1843 massacre of the Gurnaikurnai people at Warrigal Creek. MAR <> x[Ys~W`R.$7nN$QI.%>pA>\83FOT]K!+qq{|$E hj]Qw >|nQ)jn'L-.~>>ze)/[B_=|?b1R2Kz~&>,g0cppJBw'YzDh/sZOfyfALsn/P%v=3jeVy~;>H"Oj4**@EBxT14:=l3\Es`eeJZT%L}nz`^Kgxh |[jXaxqGw"0'JH-i`L>_n#&,6IvGr:hu'j^xsFo}\vfuklR4f/eK-fig;)pE?itkoe~x-gd}Y~N0f=)` s[/wE\|(u2|Jvp:n To those who came by jet plane yesterday. [23] Inwards correspondence Tyers to La Trobe 44/1367 p.5 PROV, [24] Port Phillip Gazette 21 May 1842, p.3, [25] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 45/324 PROV, [27] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 46/219 PROV, [28] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/2112, PROV; Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [29] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/1367, p.4, PROV, [30] Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [31] Gardner, P. D. (1994) Through Foreign Eyes, Ngarak Press, Ensay, p.45, [32]Gardner (1993) p.58; (1990) Our Murdering Founding Father, 2nd Edition, Ngarak Press, p.28, [33] The Guardian 6 March 2019; 8 March 2019; Gippsland Times 16 June 2020, [34] Gardner (1993) pp 6-7; (2015) Some Random Notes on Massacres 2000-2015 (on-line essay). The manager of the Krowathunkooloong keeping place in Bairnsdale, Rob Hudson, agrees. Robinson was also attempting to do the same, although by a different route. Their prior absence from the discourse may indicate the level of research in this area. Their submission was denied; McMillan was renamed the Monash electorate instead. I asked him if he was not afraid of meeting the Blacks, his reply was, Blks Sir no fear of them now they would run away as soon as they see a white man but there are not many left, he said he had a Brother who had been in Gippsland from the first his name was Bunton & kept a Public house in Gippsland by the Dirty Water Holes & a cattle station joining to Mr. McAllister who was killed, that after Mr. McAllisters murder great slaughter of the blacks took place and that on his brothers station a cart load of Blks bones might be gath.rd up [49]. Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. a federal electorate was renamed that year. Stay updated on Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul. 0000011274 00000 n One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. In Chapter 4, he gives another rendition of the Gippslander story, stating the massacre was lead [sic] by McMillan. In a letter to the Age in August 1874, R.L. the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. T*,2$i ,2N0p$ rOE2)Tde$2([X~O`E([HH|MrJSo 0000024533 00000 n Because to move forward we must acknowledge our past. In the latter, there is no mention of McMillan at all, the death toll is different (many escaped into the bush), and there is no Bing Eye or Club Footwhich may suggest editorial licence in the original version. [1], The estimates of numbers of deaths vary: some historical accounts say that 60 people were killed,[citation needed] while other sources suggest that up to 150 people may have been killed. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. 4751, June, 1980. To date, there is nothing to suggest that it will include Angus McMillan leading the Charge of the Highland Brigade. The theme for Reconciliation Week 2018 is 'Don't keep history a mystery' Learn - Share - Grow. Light refreshments will be available. Following the screening, VMIAC will facilitate a discussion about the film and its importance in understanding the effects of colonisation and inter-generational trauma and resilience for First Nations peoples. It also suggests that the squatters were unprepared for the resistance they faced. He was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, who published an account of their journey, which is also well known. An unexpected error occurred. In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. This land was never ceded. 12 Light refreshments will be available. In March 1840, twenty Bunurong men from Westernport escaped the supervision of Assistant Protector William Thomas to undertake a raid into Gippsland. And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. 8 /Filter /FlateDecode >> [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. GLaWAC has been given permission to screen the Warrigal Creek Massacre film at our office at Forestec. The newspapers and Charles Tyerss reports indicate that attacks by the Kurnai continued in 1844 and 1845; they did not end at Warrigal Creek in 1843. 0000010708 00000 n *OAQg( n}wWdcKuYl7nfTTYP0|8o6rlBUb[O>03v-Jg1]sng~f5!M .]e?n? Chapters 6 and 7 of Gippsland Massacres retell the story. [40] Otherwise, he has no involvement in the story. 0001064365 00000 n This documentary tells the story of the Warrigal Creek massacre of 1843 in Gippsland, Victoria, where as many as 150 Gunai Kurnai children, women and . 0000016727 00000 n Rather than pursuing plaques or western versions of reconciliation, as Irving puts it, the Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation and the Bunurong Land Council put their energies into changing the name of their local electorate, which was named after McMillan. Bell stated: The historic pen of Victorian settlement would paint with truth the horrors of many a scene of Gipps Land life; it was in 1843 that the aggressions of the blacks were so frequent. Gardners reliability can best be judged by his rewriting of an inter-tribal massacre at Tambo Crossing. They murdered, according to Gippslander, 150 at Warrigal Creek, which would make it one of the largest known massacres of Aborigines in Australian history.[36]. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa 5oA/P;uv!MU~86>>iBTju?#Ghnudlnr\;u?pIyo%# if+;J6fLA,4lMMhn]Zrg b_tr>b$3]wG4?mdw # 7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. Warrigal Creek Massacre: A Truth-telling Documentary. The murder of Ranald Macalister may have been the pretext for an attack on the Kurnai at Warrigal Creek or Gammon Creek but this is not borne out by the contemporary historical record. Advice: This page does not contain images of people who have died. Gardner omitted a part of the quote that indicates Hatcher travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the Brigade from one camp to another. Peter Gardner[1]. [50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. The second piece of evidence from Thomas is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. The blacks were found encamped near a waterhole at Gammon Creek, and those who were shot were thrown into it, to the number, it was said, of about sixty, men, women, and children; but this was probably an exaggeration.[57]. The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal? << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R A Scottish colonist, called Angus McMillan, led a group of about 20 settlers who . "qd]^vc'OontVsl Convicts under the control of the penal system in the Port Phillip District and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines. The Geelong Advertiser reported the murder: It is reported that Mr. McAllister was decoyed from his station by a party of blacks on pretext of having found a flock of sheep that had been missing, and that having got him to a spot favourable for their murderous purpose, they set upon him with their waddies, and despatched him under circumstances of the utmost barbarity.[20]. stream Coincidentally or not, the Australasian newspaper published stories between 1923 and 1925 with a one-eyed Aboriginal character named Bing-eye; the term club foot was ubiquitous. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. The Warrigal Creek Massacre, a documentary exploring the history of colonisation in Gippsland in the 1800s, is screening at the Memo in Healesville on Wednesday 27 February at 6:45pm. Just before European settlement, the Kurnai raided as far as Brighton and Arthurs Seat on Port Phillip Baya distance of at least 120 kilometres as the crow fliesand they are believed to have wiped out about half of the Bunurong. Gardners cover-up conspiracy theory thus rests on an obvious misrepresentation of Hatchers account. endobj The answer is in three parts. The timing of this record is important because it was made after two of the three searches for a white woman allegedly held captive by the Kurnai. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the brigade from one camp to another. Establishing this will entail the evaluation of all historical themes and not rejecting or ignoring evidence because it does not fit a preconceived narrative. Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. [6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. 0000116300 00000 n She worries Australia is still not ready to listen. [citation needed] The group of Gaelic-speaking Scotsmen was known as the "Highland Brigade". Macalister stated that escaped convicts were committing the most revolting crimes the calendar can namesuch as murder, rape, robbery, forgeries, cattle-stealing, and last, though not least, sly grog-selling, the root of all crime. The area of Nuntin is on the western side of the Avon and was shown in a survey map of 1857. The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. 0000001936 00000 n They say they want to tell the story widely, and take down the monuments to McMillan the butcher of Gippsland. Before declaring Hoddinotts tale to be completely reliable, it would have been prudent to analyse its contents. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. endobj On the 13th ultimo, Mr. Ronald McAlister was removing his sheep station about two miles from the settlement, when he was attacked by the blacks and murdered; his body was found the following day by a native in his employ. A Mr. Nelsons house was also attacked a few days before, and the blacks, after wounding a man in his employ, decamped with several articles of his property.[19]. The reference to Bundalaguah Swamp has previously escaped notice. [54] Meyrick arrived in Gippsland in 1845 so he was not a witness to anything before that date. [40] Gippslander (1925) Experiences with Gippsland blacks, The Gap, Education Department, Bairnsdale Inspectorate, Omeo, pp 5-6. In July 1843, a man named Ronald Macalister was killed by Aboriginal men near Port Albert, on the coast of Victoria. If a historical narrative is to be used as the basis for debate or action in the public sphere, it should be grounded in non-partisan, objective research and analysis. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C -[Y1d-ZZ. Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. The culture of secrecy surrounding the massacres was evident in Willy Hoddinotts account (as an anonymous Gippslander) published in the Gap magazine more than 80 years later: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. They did not find any Bunurong so they ransacked a squatters station instead. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. Hatcher appears to suggest that there was a massacre at Bruthen Creek; Gardner has either ignored or failed to grasp this to make the account fit his Warrigal Creek narrative. Presumably he had reasons for both, but he did not say why and he did not reveal the source of his information. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. We are yet to have a complete understanding of Gippsland in the 1840s. 0000020971 00000 n Messrs. Pearson and Cunninghame have been the latest sufferers by those cannibals; it is not only the stock they kill we feel the loss of, but running the remainder off their runs, and the expense the proprietors are put to in collecting their cattle, and procuring guns and ammunition for everyone engaged in their employment.[22]. The stories were republished as The Book of the Bush in 1898. Dunderdale states: Lachlan Macalister had a long experience in dealing with blackfellows and bushrangers; he had been a captain in the army and an officer of the border police. Gardners evidence for Angus McMillans involvement in the Warrigal Creek massacre consists of a story written for The Gap school magazine in 1925 by William Hoddinott under the pseudonym of Gippslander. Gardners fiction about McMillan, his misquoting of source material, and his reliance on an unattributed, anonymous and generic story truly relegates his Warrigal Creek narrative to the realms of the apocryphal. [55] The murder of Macalister may have marked a turning point in which the Europeans went on the offensive. hbbbd`b`` K [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. They were feared by their tribal enemies for their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans were to encounter.[5]. endobj In other parts of the District, prior to my arrival, they had occasionally come into collision with the Settlersthe consequence of which was the murder of four shepherdsand as far as I can learn without any provocationthey have also committed, and are still committing, many depredations on the stock of the Settlerswhich from the nature of the country, and the known fact of their carrying on their depredations at night, it is difficult to prevent. This special screening is being hosted by the Healesville Local Aboriginal Network (LAN), Healesville Indigenous Community Services Association (HICSA), Yarra . Gardner concludes that McMillan's group initially killed two family groups at Warrigal Creek waterhole and then a few days later killed another 60 people at the mouth of Warrigal Creek, then killing three other groups at Freshwater Creek, Gammon Creek, and Red Hill. 0000008955 00000 n Fri., 27 May 20225:00 pm 8:30 pm AEST, Siteworks Workroom 233 Saxon StreetBrunswick, VIC 3056. 3 0 obj Intertribal warfare was endemic in the region with raid and counter raid where men, women and children were slaughtered as they slept, and then eaten. 0000003041 00000 n [43] The fallacy of this secrecy argument is that it is contradicted by Gardners own evidence from William Thomas from 1845 and other versions of the massacre story that pre-date Gippslander by more than fifty years (see below). <> ?6m-^a_DD/UJ[ Once again, Gardner corrected historical material when it did not agree with his Warrigal Creek narrative. Gardners work has hints of Marxist reductionism, where the Kurnai are portrayed as living in an Arcadian economy that was destroyed by the expansionary capitalism of the land-hungry squatters. 0000024998 00000 n )A?8yo]gNV2nj}cR2|#~M >A$M#~A^EQ ~Q{?pO0!&S7),}w4Wf+(L1Qd (wL~MdP{"&r'|2b7##lQ$*GJA]a8[B&DKv-vk@,#dD B79 j2zKD#,mgF(3dz_5W^LaJhs/QwFrqP{q[U}d Many of the stock keepers were ticket-of-leave holders or assigned convict servants. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. >> But that creek, Warrigal, has seen unimaginable horrors. NAIDOC Week 2019. 0000014051 00000 n A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. [7], Many histories of Gippsland have quaint notions of founding fathers, churches and shires, but the reality is that squatters occupied the region in order to capture a share of the filthy lucre of the Van Diemens Land convict economy. [3] Their customs and society were studied in detail by Alfred W. Howitt, but due to violence and the effects of disease, alcohol and the mission system, much traditional knowledge had already been lost by the time he began recording information in the mid-1860s. As Bell indicates the early 1840s certainly were . He calls them The McMillan Massacres. 16 0 obj Following the murder, Lachlan Macalister wrote a letter to Governor Sir George Gipps via the Sydney Morning Herald in which he implicated the governor for the state of anarchy in Gippsland due to the lack of official protection. 0000002765 00000 n He wrote a number of reports on the state of Gippsland to his superior, Charles La Trobe, the Superintendent of the Port Phillip District. 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