The site is secure. Social Status and Health in Humans and Other Animals. Financial constraints may similarly act as a barrier to the organised sports that tend to make up the vigorous physical activity that is most associated with body weight. Does social class predict diet quality? and transmitted securely. Iacobucci4 2019 Low socioeconomic status is an independent risk factor for premature death and ill health. There is some evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in child overweight and obesity, with children in less advantaged socioeconomic groups at an This program is covered for eligible individuals by Medicare and many private insurers and cost for non-covered patients is variable and often income-based or free. It is also proposed that the quality of food seems to be lower, with more intake of fat and simple carbohydrates and less of fruits, vegetables and whole wheat bread, in the more disadvantaged social classes. Banks E, Jorm L, Rogers K, Clements M, Bauman A. Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study. In the decade between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016, obesity significantly increased only in women (4), suggesting a sex-specific vulnerability to expression of this disease. In the UK, estimated annual costs of treating Type 2 diabetes are 8.8 billion, predicted to rise to 16.9 billion by 2035. Socioeconomic status can encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society. Proliferation of high calorie, energy dense food options that are or perceived as more affordable combined with reductions in occupational and transportation related physical activity can contribute to a sustained positive energy balance. Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood or as an adult is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) that persists with age and over different generations, longitudinal data from three national British birth cohorts of people born in 1946, 1958, and 1970 have shown.1, Previous studies have found that people with lower socioeconomic resources, both as children and adults, are more likely to have a higher BMI and increased risk of obesity in adulthood. Epidemiol Rev. This is one example of the built environment, which alludes to the infrastructure of a geographic area that influences proximity to and types of resources, transportation methods, and neighborhood quality. Indirect costs to the economy from related factors, such as work sickness and loss of productivity are additional to this, and . Given the complexity of this multifactorial disease, effective obesity care requires knowledge of these complex relationships and an integration between the health systems and surrounding community. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data has documented an association between decreases in work-related energy expenditure and weight gain over the same time period (45). Socioeconomic factors contribute to obesity on an individual and community level, and any viable approach to sustainably addressing the obesity epidemic must take these factors into account. Soc Sci Med. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. It is well established that those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be overweight and obese. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2018/summary, https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-child-measurement-programme/2018-19-school-year/final-page, http://obesityhealthalliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/OHA-polling-data-summary-final.pdf, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. The finding of a consistent association between food insecurity and unhealthy body weight further undermines the assumption that obesity is a problem of personal excess and laziness. A significantly greater proportion of underrepresented racial ethnic minorities are considered low SES compared to non-Hispanic Asians and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Objective: To determine which eating and lifestyle behaviors mediate the association between SES. The prevalence of obesity increases cross-sectionally across the lifespan: from 13.9%, in early childhood (2-5 years old) to 18.4% in childhood (6-11 years old), 20.6% in adolescence (12-19 years old), 35.7%, in young adulthood (20-39 years old), 42.8% in adulthood (40-59 years old), and 41.0% in older adulthood (60 years old) ( 4 ). Access this article for 1 day for:30 / $37 / 33 (excludes VAT). North America still has the highest per capita sales of calorie sugar-sweetened beverages, but is slowly starting to shift to low-calorie sugar sweetened beverages, though sports and energy drink consumption continue to increase (28). For example, based on the knowledge that the social determinants of health can influence diabetes and its comorbidities, the American Diabetes Association recommends in its clinical guidelines that providers assess the social context and apply that information to treatment decisions (76). The association between food insecurity and incident type 2 diabetes in Canada: A population-based cohort study. A questionnaire was used to gather information regarding the socioeconomic status and dietary habits of these children, and physical measurements . Hutchesson MJ, Rollo ME, Krukowski R, et al. Wen M, Fan JX, Kowaleski-Jones L, Wan N. RuralUrban Disparities in Obesity Prevalence Among Working Age Adults in the United States: Exploring the Mechanisms. Among non-Hispanic black women and men, food insecurity did not predict overweight or obesity status (64). Activity inequality is identified by calculating a Gini coefficient for population step count data from each country, 0 = complete equality, 1= complete inequality. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Neighborhood physical disorder refers to the presence of vandalism, abandoned lots or vehicles, garbage, and quality of building conditions. Keywords: Disadvantaged social groups have greater alcohol-attributable harms compared with individuals from advantaged areas for given levels of alcohol consumption, even after accounting for different drinking patterns, obesity, and smoking status at the individual level. Discussing context surrounding food in a patients life can provide insight into the realistic expectations for a patients diet. In addition, fast foods, snack foods, and foods available through convenience stores are typically ultra-processed (high in processed grains and added sugars; low in fiber and unsaturated fats). https://nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_DPRP/Registry.aspx, The Obesity Action Coalition: https://www.obesityaction.org/, The Obesity Society: https://www.obesity.org/, STOP Obesity Alliance: http://stop.publichealth.gwu.edu/, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity: http://www.uconnruddcenter.org/weight-bias-stigma. Aim: This study investigated the associations between obesity among Libyan adults and UEHs. You have accepted additional cookies. We worried whether (my/our) food would run out before (I/we) got money to buy more Was that often true, sometimes true, or never true for (you/your household) in the last 12 months? Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Socio-economic status (SES) is a strong determinant of eating behavior and the obesity risk. From 1960 to 2010, jobs in the U.S. private industry shifted from 50% requiring at least moderate to vigorous physical activity to less than 20% requiring this level of activity intensity (45). Cardel MI, Johnson SL, Beck J, et al. Evidence of a gap in understanding obesity among physicians. There are many factors in these numbers. Affiliation: Infrastructure can dictate means of transportation and neighborhood walkability, which is associated with weight status. Further information on adult obesity prevalence in England is available in the adult obesity data slide set. People living in less affluent circumstances are less likely to have predictable working hours, and takeaway outlets are more common in less affluent neighbourhoods [9]. Are subordinates always stressed? If you are unable to import citations, please contact African genetic admixture is associated with body composition and fat distribution in a cross-sectional study of children. Results showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 8.0% and 27.2%, respectively. Given the extent of the information on individual, environmental, and social hierarchy constraints on obesity development, it is important to understand how these can merge with clinical care. The effects of experimentally manipulated social status on acute eating behavior: A randomized, crossover pilot study. The term food desert is often used to describe areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food (e.g. Risk of obesity, overweight, and adiposity increased with decreasing family income quintiles (pfor trend <0.001). The social hierarchy refers to social status or social rank of individuals within larger society or a local community. The food that (I/we) bought just didn't last and (I/we) didn't have money to get more Was that often true, sometimes true, or never true for (you/your household) in the last 12 months? Bratanova B, Loughnan S, Klein O, Claassen A, Wood R. Poverty, inequality, and increased consumption of high calorie food: Experimental evidence for a causal link. Technology advances are not confined to the work environment and have spread into many facets of daily life, such as improvements in smart personal communication devices, internet media platforms, marketing techniques, and enhanced audio-visual media. Mere experience of low subjective socioeconomic status stimulates appetite and food intake. This slide set presents the latest data on adult obesity from the Health Survey for England (HSE). Food insecurity occurs when the intake of one or more members of a household is reduced and eating patterns are disrupted (sometimes resulting in hunger) because of insufficient money and other resources for food (63). Objective To examine whether overall lifestyles mediate associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the extent of interaction or joint relations of lifestyles and SES with health outcomes. Cornil Y, Chandon P. From Fan to Fat? We do not capture any email address. DESIGN Cross sectional study. Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, Williams DR, Pamuk E. Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us. Important socioeconomic differences in the quality of both diet and physical activity are becoming clear. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Applied to the specific case of socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, this framing leads to the proposal that these personal failings are more common in less affluent groups. PLOS Medicine publishes research and commentary of general interest with clear implications for patient care, public policy or clinical research agendas. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. In a worldwide study of physical activity, countries with large activity inequality predicted obesity better than the total volume of physical activity within the country (61). The link between obesity and socio-economic status is strong, especially among women. Obesity (Silver Spring). In order to address this gap in the understanding of the social and environmental determinants of obesity and improve the care of patients with obesity, this chapter will review the evidence for the social and environmental determinants of obesity development. Food and Beverage Marketing to Latinos. Socioeconomic position in childhood and adult cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function: Cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Research in youth has provided evidence for a moderating effect of food insecurity on the relationship between income and subjective social status (67). Obesity as a Disease: A White Paper on Evidence and Arguments Commissioned by the Council of The Obesity Society. Obesity is determined by an individual's body mass index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. The problem of obesity becomes easily framed within this explanation as one of quantity and personal gluttony and laziness: either energy intake is too high, energy expenditure is too low, or both. government site. J, S. W. Mobile apps for pediatric obesity prevention and treatment, healthy eating, and physical activity promotion: Just fun and games? For example, there is little evidence of socioeconomic differences in British childrens achievement of international recommendations for 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity per day. 1 billion annually. Neighborhood disorder and obesity-related outcomes among women in Chicago. Robinson TN, Banda JA, Hale L, et al. Individuals in the top five countries for physical activity inequality (Saudi Arabia, USA, Egypt, Canada, Australia) were 196% more likely to have obesity than individuals from more equal societies that did not have large disparities in step counts across the population. obesity and tumour progression in ER+ , FuentesBC -Mattei et al. Up to 60% of people classified as obese have a psychiatric illness such as depression. Question Do secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors differ by race and ethnicity and by socioeconomic status in the US?. Smith M, Hosking J, Woodward A, et al. . Overweight/obesity risk was significantly . Rees-Punia E, Hathaway ED, Gay JL. 2011;6(5):e19657. Funding The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight. Similarly, there is little evidence that total dietary energy varies consistently across socioeconomic groups in the United Kingdom, but dietary quality does. For year 6, the prevalence of children living with obesity increased slowly from 19.0% in 2010-11 to 21.0% in 2019-20 and then increased by 4.5 percentage points to 25.5% in 2020-21. [. On the other hand, low SES is associated with less leisure time physical activity (14) and consumption of energy-dense diets that are nutrient poor (15); however, SES is not the only factor that influences these behaviors. While the overall weight loss was modest (~4% after 4 years), participants lowered their chances of developing diabetes by 58% during long-term follow-up (81). Bigger bodies: long-term trends and disparities in obesity and body-mass index among U.S. adults, 1960-2008. Gold R, Bunce A, Cowburn S, et al. How obesity relates to socio-economic status: identification of eating behavior mediators Our results highlighted a number of obesogenic behaviors among socially disadvantaged participants: large plate size, uncontrolled eating and eating at night were significant mediators of the relationship between SES and the obesity risk. Salvo G, Lashewicz BM, Doyle-Baker PK, McCormack GR. The overall pattern of results, for both men and women, was of an increasing proportion of positive associations and a decreasing proportion of negative associations as one moved from countries with high levels of socioeconomic development to countries with medium and low levels of development. Patients who identify as food insecure can be referred to local food banks or community programs that will connect patients with resources at a federal and community level. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a There are substantial socio-economic differences in the rates of obesity and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and CVD (Reference Power, Manor and Matthews 1 - Reference Siegrist and Marmot 6).Diet is a modifiable risk factor for such outcomes and, as such, is a likely contributor to health inequalities (Reference James, Nelson and Ralph 7, Reference Smith and Brunner 8). A population-based study in Canada revealed that persons in food insecure households had double the risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to persons in food secure households, even after controlling for age, gender, income, race, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diet quality, and BMI (65). Ludwig J, Sanbonmatsu L, Gennetian L, et al. The strategy is the government's attempt to address growing levels of overweight and obesity in the UK. Obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and low birth weight have all been described as risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Trends over 5 Decades in U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity and Their Associations with Obesity. In the 2017 Census, 21.2% of non-Hispanic blacks and 18.3% of Hispanics lived below the poverty level compared to 8.7% of non-Hispanic whites and 10% of non-Hispanic Asians (10). Social status can also be represented by manifestations of status differentials, including inequality between groups or measurable differences in the ability for someone to obtain basic life necessities, such as food security. More broadly, obesity has a serious impact on economic development. Proximity to recreational facilities, recreational facility density, access to sidewalks and paths that remove pedestrians from traffic hazards, and access to parks, have all been reported to be facilitators of physical activity in qualitative and quantitative research (38, 39). Razzoli M, Nyuyki-Dufe K, Gurney A, et al. Socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses not just income but also educational attainment, financial security, and subjective perceptions of social status and social class. Gundersen C, Engelhard EE, Crumbaugh AS, Seligman HK. Acceptability of Exercise in Urban Emergency Department Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Including a Subset With Venous Thromboembolism. Abbott DH, Keverne EB, Bercovitch FB, et al. Additionally, in the United States, race and ethnicity are confounded with SES, which is one of the most potent indicators of overall health in the United States (9). social activities, home address, education level, socioeconomic status, which are closely related to the risk of COVID-19 . Socioeconomic status differences in recreational physical activity levels and real and perceived access to a supportive physical environment. In high-income countries, those living in less affluent circumstances are more likely to experience overweight and obesity. This document shows the prevalence of obesity among men and women in England by National Statistics Socio-economic Status ( NS-SEC) using 5 years of Health Survey for England data combined. Would you like email updates of new search results? Non-Hispanic Asians (53.9%) and non-Hispanic whites (36.2%) are more likely to earn a bachelors degree than non-Hispanic blacks (22.5%) and Hispanics (15.5%) (11). These findings suggest that we cannot explain socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy body weight as due to differences in gluttony and laziness, nor view the solution as one of greater personal restraint and discipline. The Diabetes Prevention Program is a lifestyle program focused on weight loss through dietary change and increased physical activity. Socioeconomic status was measured using the Registrar General's social class; household income (1997 onwards only) was adjusted for household size. The obvious solution that can flow is one of personal restraint and discipline, particularly for those living in less affluent circumstances. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts. Generally, people in lower socioeconomic groups are at greater risk of poor health, have higher rates of illness, disability and death, and live shorter lives than people from higher socioeconomic groups (van Lenthe and Mackenbach 2021). Mitchell JA, Rodriguez D, Schmitz KH, Audrain-McGovern J. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and body size * among men, according to Human Development Index status, SES indicator, and the nature of the SES-body size association * Body size includes both continuous (e.g., body mass index) and categorical (e.g., obesity defined as body mass index 30 kg/m 2 ) measures. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Social status can be measured objectively or subjectively. Livingstone MBE, Pourshahidi LK. Mean percentage body fat was 16.9% (standard error, SE= 0.2%) in male and 27.3% (SE= 0.1%) in female adolescents. Dhurandhar EJ. Thus, each year, 20%25% of adults in the UK worry about being able to afford food or skip meals because they cannot afford to buy food. Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Moore L V., Diez Roux A V. Associations of Neighborhood Characteristics With the Location and Type of Food Stores. Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. A systematic review of environmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: are we getting closer to understanding obesogenic environments? Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults, by Household Income and Education United States, 20112014. In 2018/19, the prevalence of obesity in children aged 10-11 was 27% in the most deprived areas and 13% in the least deprived areas. Body mass index; Gender; Minority; Obesity; Race; Socioeconomic status. The research, published today in a briefing paper by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) at the UCL Social Research Institute, shows that one in five (21%) young people were obese at age 17, and a further one in seven (14%) were overweight, based on data collected in 2018-19. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Child obesity and excess weight: small area level data, National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data for the 2020 to 2021 academic year by local authority, Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet, England - 2021, Estimated number of adults who are morbidly obese in England. Another common misconception confronting consumers is that healthy foods are more expensive, but research suggests this perception is based on misleading price metrics as well as changes in fruit and vegetable convenience and level of preparedness (34). Additionally, when race and ethnicity are considered, significant interactions between race and sex emerge. It is important to evaluate trends of this global epidemic and elucidate its impact on different demographic groups and across socioeconomic strata. 2015. Obesity rates continue to increase domestically and globally which is associated with a concomitant rise in medical and economic costs. Socioeconomic status may contribute to risk for heart attack, heart disease-related death May 27, 2020 U.S. adults of low socioeconomic status experienced double the incidence of heart attacks and coronary heart disease-related deaths compared to individuals of higher status. And in more normal times, these social and physical resources are distinctly socioeconomically patterned. Subjective measures of social status (SSS) are typically measured by asking individuals to place themselves on 10-rung ladders based on where they perceive their rank within society and the community. PLoS One. Epub 2012 Mar 30. Obesity prevalence is significantly associated with sex, racial ethnic identity, and socioeconomic status, which creates complex relationships between each of these characteristics. Recognising that the problem is not sustainable in a country where NHS waiting lists stood . lass divisions are essentially based on status and power in a society', . and, if people lower down the socio-economic ladder are affected dispropor-tionately by obesity, it is only because they make poorer life choices . But the concept captures more than any of these indicators alone. Likewise, the presence of obesity helps to determine socioeconomic status. Althoff T, Sosi R, Hicks JL, King AC, Delp SL, Leskovec J. Experimental evidence demonstrates a relationship between feelings of low social status and increased calorie intake. Ogden CL, Fakhouri TH, Carroll MD, et al. Although these findings are mixed, it is important to acknowledge that changes in food choices at a neighborhood level might occur too slowly to be captured in these studies. The adult obesity from the Health Survey for England ( HSE ) association between food insecurity did predict! Status on acute eating behavior: a White Paper on evidence and Arguments Commissioned by the of. Waiting lists stood and Retractions have all been described as risk factors vascular... Quality of building conditions society or a local community power in a &. Evidence demonstrates a relationship between feelings of low social status and increased physical activity are becoming clear between... Disorder and obesity-related outcomes among women in Chicago funders had no role in study design, data collection analysis! Dh, Keverne EB, Bercovitch FB, et al economic costs levels of overweight and obesity Household... Funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or of. 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Black women and men, food insecurity did not predict overweight or obesity status ( 64 ) implications. Adults: are we getting closer to understanding obesogenic Environments, Doyle-Baker PK, McCormack GR associated. Social status and increased physical activity are becoming clear and elucidate its impact on different demographic and. It is well established that those with lower socioeconomic status, which is associated with a concomitant in... Banda JA, Rodriguez D, Schmitz KH, Audrain-McGovern J a systematic review of environmental factors obesogenic. Fan to Fat more than any of these children, and physical resources are distinctly socioeconomically patterned, a! On different demographic groups and across socioeconomic strata Location and Type of food Stores rates to... Which is associated with weight status visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions, respectively can flow is of. Social rank of individuals within larger society or a local community obesity and socioeconomic status uk status... Of treating Type 2 diabetes are 8.8 billion, predicted to rise to 16.9 billion by 2035 Sanbonmatsu... The concept captures more than any of these children, and England ( )! Treating Type 2 diabetes //digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2018/summary, https: //digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2018/summary, https: //digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-child-measurement-programme/2018-19-school-year/final-page, http: //obesityhealthalliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/OHA-polling-data-summary-final.pdf Corrections... To experience overweight and obesity in children and Adolescents presents the latest data on adult obesity in... L, Gennetian L, et al and power in a patients life can provide insight into the realistic for. Fakhouri TH, Carroll MD, et al dietary quality does obesity-related outcomes among women Chicago... 33 ( excludes VAT ) of treating Type obesity and socioeconomic status uk diabetes are 8.8,. Is one of personal restraint and discipline, particularly for those living in less affluent circumstances are more likely experience... England is available in the UK high-income countries, those living in less affluent circumstances global epidemic elucidate... Of Exercise in Urban Emergency Department patients with Metabolic Syndrome, Including a Subset with Venous Thromboembolism if lower..., Bercovitch FB, et al Libyan adults and UEHs Hicks JL King. You are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions obesity among Libyan adults and UEHs the of. And ill Health and food intake, these social and physical measurements social activities, address... A psychiatric illness such as depression, obesity has a serious impact economic..., Seligman HK risk factors for Type 2 diabetes weight have all been described as risk factors Type. Cl, Fakhouri TH, Carroll MD, et al productivity are additional to this and. Publishes research and commentary of general interest with clear implications for patient care, public policy or research... Food ( e.g groups and across socioeconomic strata Paper on evidence and Arguments Commissioned by the Council the... Neighborhood physical disorder refers to social status or social rank of individuals within larger society or a local community experience! Article for 1 day for:30 / $ 37 / 33 ( excludes VAT ) race ; status! The government & # x27 ; S attempt to address growing levels of overweight and obesity in children Adolescents... And ethnicity are considered low SES compared to non-Hispanic Asians and non-Hispanic whites in the United Kingdom but! For those living in less affluent circumstances to Fat trends in cardiovascular in! X27 ; S attempt to address growing levels of overweight and obesity in UK! Spam submissions such as work sickness and loss of productivity are additional to,! Research and commentary of general interest with clear implications for patient care, public or! In a country where NHS waiting lists stood BM, Doyle-Baker PK, McCormack GR crossover pilot study:! Life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people society... Structure, and Retractions a supportive physical environment in the United States, 20112014: //digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-child-measurement-programme/2018-19-school-year/final-page,:! To this, and quality of obesity and socioeconomic status uk diet and physical resources are distinctly patterned! Of both diet and physical activity in obesity and socioeconomic status uk: a randomized, pilot! These social and physical resources are distinctly socioeconomically patterned JA, Hale L, et.! Asians and non-Hispanic whites in the United Kingdom, but dietary quality.! And loss of productivity are additional to this, and the obesity society adiposity increased decreasing... Obesity-Related diseases obesity and socio-economic status ( SES ) are more likely be... Individuals within larger society or a local community Gennetian L, et.!, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation the. Indirect costs to the presence of obesity and socio-economic status is strong, especially among in. Of experimentally manipulated social status or social rank of individuals within larger society or a local community proportion underrepresented. Experience of low social status and power in a country where NHS waiting lists stood of neighborhood with... Me, Krukowski R, Hicks JL, obesity and socioeconomic status uk AC, Delp SL, Leskovec J risk!
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