You can often find this information on the website of your county. from U.C. In California, you pay half the tax in advance, and the other half in arrears of the start of the fiscal year. If you mortgage your home, you may be required to pay property taxes on a monthly basis. It is critical that your tax records are up to date in order to be eligible for your full homestead exemption. Real estate taxes are billed on a quarterly basis with a quarterly tax payment being due on the first day of the middle month of the quarter. WebReal Property taxes are due and payable as billed even if you have filed an appeal on the assessed value of your property. This practice is similar to going to a restaurant for a meal: you order your food and eat it before you are presented with a check for payment. Mike Straub, spokesperson for House Majority Leader Bryan Cutler, R-Lancaster, said in an email that his boss is waiting for the recently formed property tax working group to complete its process before taking a position on any of the proposals that are out there., We hope the working group will have some proposals later this fall, but Sen. Argalls office is leading those efforts.. If you are a senior or disabled person that is behind on their property tax, you can apply for additional assistance through PTAP. Tax assessments are utilized by the county, the school districts, and the municipal governments within Westmoreland County to collect ad valorem real property taxes. As anti-property tax advocates will note, the levy has its roots in the 11th century, from English feudal dues, according to the Atlantic. According to the Pennsylvania School Boards Association, the states share of education funding is among the lowest in the U.S.. Every state has some form of property taxes to cover services. The state government stays out of the property tax fray, leaving the decisions on how much to charge and how to calculate the tax up to counties and municipalities. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, When is the Texas property tax due? The tax year runs from January 1st to December 31st, and the taxes assessed for a given year are then charged to homeowners the following October. It is largely a paid-in-arrears tax, paid after the period for which it is due. Are property taxes paid in advance or arrears? 2014-02-08 19:10:38. Pennsylvania municipalities and counties typically use a mill levy when calculating property tax rates. The content provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. Because the tax is charged each year, the burden remains the same even if someone has stopped working. What some people dont often consider is whether the taxes they are paying are in arrears or in advance. As soon as you start making progressive application of taxes, theres winners and there are losers, Rohrer said. Another program is the Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program, which is supported by the PA Lottery. For salaried employees, payments are made once the service has been delivered by the employee to the employer. In some states, you pay property taxes in arrears. Note that there is a $25 fee imposed for checks returned for insufficient funds. Thats the 11th highest in the nation, among the 50 states and Washington, D.C. The second part of the real estate liability attendant to any real property would be the application of the tax rate, generally referenced as the Millage assessment. In most municipalities, each property owner annually receives property tax bills from three taxing authorities: a county property tax bill (typically mailed in winter), a township/borough tax bill (typically mailed in late winter/early spring), and a school district tax bill (typically mailed in mid-summer). Property tax confusion increases when real estate is sold. Your property taxes are due on a monthly basis, which is the simplest answer. Depending on the county or municipality, a variety of other tax-reduction programs might be available. As a result of the levys fiscal year, the winter tax is usually prorated. Enter Rep. Pam Snyder, D-Greene, who is sponsoring a bill that would take advantage of the unused provision. They each run a full year. Bernice King upholds her parents' legacy, Out and About: What's happening in Philly, Philly bike share program to expand in historically-marginalized communities. Translate. That means that you pay your real estate taxes at the end of the year for the prior year. 414 Grant Street. That number is known as the millage rate and is set by the taxing body, such as the school board. An assessor determines the assessed value of a home on a home-by-home basis. Sugar Skull Fun Run - Community Services. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Designated Forest Land Classification for timberland parcels 20 acres or more. The city, county and school district all collect taxes from property owners within their boundaries. Typically, both buyers and sellers have closing costs that they have to cover however, who pays what is negotiable. The table below shows when taxes are due and who pays them. Each year, the Broward County Tax Collector mails more than 500,000 property tax bills. The 2017 amendment builds upon one voters approved in 1997 that reduced the assessed value of a primary residence. The county with a 1% tax rate uses 50% of the assessed value of the home to determine the tax owed. They have to be dogged.. In Michigan, real property taxes are prorated in order to correspond to a previous payment date. You have permission to edit this article. For example, within a county, both the county and the township the property is located in might have their own tax rate, expressed as either a millage rate or percentage. Sometimes youll also see a special assessment tax. Someone could buy fewer goods to pay less in sales taxes, or manage their salary or hours to pay fewer income taxes. Read Also: Are Real Estate Taxes The Same As Property Taxes, 2022 TaxesProAdvice.com | Contact us: contact@taxproadvice.com, Alabama Real Estate Property Taxes Explained. The tax is high due to the citys lack of authority to levy a local-option sales tax, the low home values in the city, and its high local government spending. Real Estate Division. However, youll need to deal with property tax, and defaulting on it can cost you your home. Row homes lined up in Philadelphia. We have not taken a position on a particular bill as we work through this process.. It was his measure that was voted on, and failed, in the state Senate in 2015. By: Patrick Gleeson, Ph. A proper policy, he said, should apply equally to everyone. Tax liens on homes can be auctioned by the taxing authority once they have been placed on the property. And in a few others, the payment is due on a different date (usually October 1st). Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. How to Buy Tax Lien Property in California. Nothing stated is to be construed as financial or legal advice. Following the fiscal year, residents are entitled to one bill per year, one in May and one in November. Most people pay on or before the delinquent date since there is no penalty up to the date. WebPennsylvania is ranked number sixteen out of the fifty states, in order of the average amount of property taxes collected. The payment may also be referred to as a singular arrear not classified as a late payment. Each county determines their schedule for property taxes. However, the abatements can mean that other homeowners need to pay more in property taxes to make up the difference. Im going to fight for elimination, Rohrer said. The April 10 payment covers the period from January 1 through June 30 of the following year. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the individual municipality. Paying Your Property Taxes - Treasurer. WebHow are property taxes paid? Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The Cincy Blog: Ohio Property Taxation Explained Again. And, depending on where you buy, the tax rate could add thousands of dollars per year to your mortgage payment. Recommended Reading: Can You Write Off Property Tax. Some Michigan cities and townships do collect property taxes in arrears, while others collect them in advance. In the end, Im willing to accept the answer. Despite the disadvantages, the vast majority of states continue to pay their property taxes in arrears. Understanding Property Taxes at Closing | American Family Sales tax tacks on a small percentage to the price of certain goods. In Florida, property taxes are paid in arrears. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Property taxes are usually based on the value of your home and are due each year. Case Lookup - Probate Court. When taxes are escrowed by your mortgage company, the property owner is responsible for sending all tax bills to the mortgage company for payment. Rather, it means that the state bills a homeowner during the current year for property taxes that are attributable to owning the house in the prior year. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. That means the number of teachers, miles of roads paved, or level of law enforcement doesnt have to decrease just because the economy tanks, he added. If you have any questions please call 412-255-2525 or visit. The property is taxed at 100% of its appraised value, which includes homes, businesses, and land. Colbert Lane But the assessments were paid in advance by the seller for the period of October 1 to September 31. Often, these taxes are ad-valorem taxes, calculated by the taxing authority based on the value of the property, including the land on which a building is situated and all other structures on the land. Paid in arrears has a slightly different Thats because the terms of sales contracts can vary. If a tax collector adopts a policy requiring payments in US currency, credit card, or electronic funds, delinquent taxes will be meted out in that manner. Use the 'Report' link on However, to avoid having to increase property taxes, the City Council introduced a package that would find income from sources such as a wage tax and a city grant that would cut the budget in other departments. Failure to receive a tax bill does not relieve the responsibility of payment, nor is this a reason for interest charges to be dismissed if the tax bill becomes delinquent. As long as you continue to make your payments and do not breach the agreement, your account will be in good standing. If you are unable to pay off your delinquent taxes within five years, the tax collector may attempt to auction off your home. When are taxes due and when do they become delinquent? I took that at face value and it appears to be true. Otherwise, you let that seed grow and you gotta cut the head off it [again].. A number of towns and cities make their budgets and tax rates known by doing so. WebA homestead exclusion lowers property taxes by reducing the taxable assessed value of the home. Here are a couple of examples: Prorations at Closing Since escrow closings dont always happen at the end of a month, expenses often need to be prorated for partial months or partial years. To apply for property tax relief you must meet these three basic criteria these are described below. Hmmm. The tax is paid in arrears, which means the homeowner pays for the billing period leading up to the due date. Sorry, there are no recent results for popular images. First, you need to know the value of your home. Real estate taxes are usually organized by state so that they are not disputed in the future. WebTax bills are mailed in January. In Monroe County, the school district tax millage rate ranges from 135.29 to 177.86, based on the district. You hear it all the time, but you gotta be realistic., Snyder added: Instead of trying to take the whole apple, were trying to take a big bite of the apple.. Local governments rely heavily on property taxes to fund their operations. All Rights Reserved. Unless you get a house that offers a property tax abatement for many years, theres no way to get around paying the tax. WebPennsylvania Department of Education > Policy and Funding > Property Tax Relief > Frequently Asked Questions for Taxpayers Frequently Asked Questions for Taxpayers Expand All General Information About Special Session Act 1 of 2006 How does the Taxpayer Relief Act benefit taxpayers? And it is a moral issue and constitutional issue because peoples property are an extension of themselves.. Cook County's taxes are due on June 1 (the first installment) and September 1 (the final payment.) If you are buying or selling real estate in the state of Illinois, one of the biggest line item dollar amounts will be the real estate tax proration (credit) given by the seller of the property to the buyer.. We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. As with the rate charged by counties, the rate of school tax varies from district to district. It seems that things were fairly peachy with that until the 1930s. We go above and beyond to make the process as simple as possible, and we offer statewide closings and extended hours. In California, the tax year runs from July 1 through June 30. The lien is automatic but is not filed in the Office of the Prothonotary as is the case with mechanics liens and such. The agreement is a legal contract between the owner(s) of a property and the Bureau whereby the owner(s) agree to make specified quarterly payments over the next 12 months to pay all delinquent taxes in full. (72 P.S. The most challenging aspect of the manner in which these taxes are assessed is the fact that the base on which the tax rate is applied, i.e., the assessed value, rarely equals fair market value (or that value at which the property might appraise and for which it might sell at any given time.) How many property tax bills does Broward County send? The final date for filing Texas property tax returns is January 31st every year. WebGovernment Elected Officials Treasurer When to Pay Property Taxes When to Pay Property Taxes You will receive your tax bill (s) for the current year in mid-December. The editorial department may decide to cover someone's passing. Property taxes are collected by a wide range of municipalities in North America. Are Pennsylvania property taxes paid in advance? As a result, I was selected for 2007. Since property values can differ widely throughout a county and a state, theres going to be a considerable amount of variation in how much school districts and counties need to raise to have enough to cover their budgets. This can be difficult, to say the least and there are many ways to deal with the issue. Homeowners in Florida are eligible for the states homestead exemption, which is a significant incentive for them to make their homes their primary residence. In the Northeast, about 1.6% of total revenue came from property tax, while property taxes accounted for less than 1% of state and local government income in the South. You May Like: When Are Taxes Due By Property Taxes Are Charged In Arrears In Texas Taxes are due every year in arrears. In Philadelphia (where theres just one district), the school district tax is 0.7681%. In Illinois, all real estate taxes are paid one year in arrears, meaning, that any payments made in the year 2017, are actually going towards your 2016 Every homeowner pays taxes based on their homes value and the property tax rates for the county or city. In some cases, though, counties do end up assessing a home for more than a person paid for it or more than they would get if they sold the property. An earlier estimate from the Pennsylvania Association of School Business Officials put the tax break to businesses from elimination at $2.75 billion. Using this number to determine the current fair market value (which is being used to calculate your real estate liability) for a property located in Westmoreland County, you simply multiply the assessed value times the common-level ratio. Don't Threaten. In many cases, taxpayers only see amount of real estate taxes paid for the entire year on their mortgage company escrow statements at year end. Property taxes are a significant source of funding for local governments. If you believe your taxes were paid through an escrow account, contact your mortgage company to obtain a copy of the cashed check used to make the payment to the local tax collector. But if your county doesnt have a calculator or look-up tool, you can still estimate your property tax by multiplying the mill rate by the assessed value. You should update this information after the Board of Review has met. But the only way to lower ones property taxes tax is to sell your property and move into a smaller home or to rent. It is in the process of being late on its payments and in advance. In addition to our full range of closing services, we can assist you in getting everything done in one location. Michigan Relocation Guides: Michigan Property Taxes. One is that it can put a strain on the municipalitys cash flow. Residents can own property for up to a year before they must pay property taxes. Find out your countys mill rate and divide it by 1,000. Generally, the assessed value equals the fair market value only in that base year. No further collection action on property taxes or property leases will occur while you are in good standing. Since the property in the above example has a fair market value of $375,550, the total property tax obligation in 2015 is approximately $7,149 [($375,550/5.18) x 98.61/1000]. We'd love to hear eyewitness Suppose you and the seller agree to pay your portion of the real estate tax on the closing date. Wiki User. Generally, when someone pays in arrears, it means they pay their bill late. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". However, the payment is not actually made until the following year. When buyers and sellers meet at the closing table, they have to deal with one large conundrum. Arrears, however, is a deceptive term because it literally means money owed as a past due amount. Although youre going to see a considerable difference in the property tax rate based on where you purchase a home, the average property tax rate for Pennsylvania was 2.02% in 2017. In Pennsylvania, counties, local municipalities and school districts collect these taxes for education. Because of Clevelands high taxes, it is difficult for the city to maintain essential services, resulting in higher goods and service prices. When you receive a tax bill for July-December 2017, you are paying taxes for July-December 2016 . In Pennsylvania, its 6%, with an extra 1% added in Allegheny County and 2% added in Philadelphia. If the assessed value of a persons home was $100,000 and the mill rate is 11, they would owe $1,100 annually. One of the most talked about proposals is Senate Bill 76, sponsored by Sen. David Argall, R-Schuylkill. The basis on which the annual factor is determined, as noted above, are actual valid and arms length sales reported from the counties to the state. If the sale isnt completed by May 1st, the tax bill is typically due by the end of November. In the case of your property taxes, you are billed every six months for the services your municipality has already provided. According to Wallethub, the annual taxes on a median priced home in the Keystone State are $2,691. Assessed value is determined by local assessors on regular two- to six-year cycles. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The proposal could prove an easier sell to opponents of elimination, who point out that getting rid of property taxes wouldnt solely benefit elderly Pennsylvanians living out their lives in the family home. A portion of property taxes is given away in the form of property taxation proration. The legislation also calls for an increase in income taxes from 3.07 to 4.95%. While there have been hearings and press conferences during the Legislatures summer recess, its still a waiting game. The homeowner gets billed for the tax in two installments, the first due on November 10 (delinquent on December 10), and the second due on February 1 (delinquent on April 10.) He specializes in tax and valuation issues that affect businesses as well as their stakeholders and owners. Pennsylvania's median income is $61,124 per year, Get an email notification whenever someone contributes to the discussion. If youre considering buying a house or have just bought one, you may have questions about your property tax, such as whether its paid in advance or arrears. Paying taxes in arrears refers to paying for the previous year's tax liability during the current year. One mil represents one tenth of a cent. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. For most property owners, that translates into savings of a few hundred dollars a year. Improvement Exemption Single Family Dwellings a temporary exemption of valuation of additions to single-family dwellings. As stated in the text, when taxes are not paid on time, there are a few things that can happen. Its good rhetoric on a campaign trail, she said. Calculate the daily tax rate by dividing the annual tax rate by the days in the year (365, or 366 for leap years). Property taxes in Texas are due on January 1st and end on December 31st. It is not uncommon for buyers and sellers to agree on prorating taxes in any way they see fit. Residents can pay property taxes online in Collin County, but they are still encouraged to do so via mail or at a tax office. Take a close look at those numbers and be sure youre financially in a position to make the purchase. Now out of office, and president of the Elverson, Pa.-based American Pastors Network, Rohrer doesnt follow the issue as closely as he once did. The typical closing costs for a buyer in Maryland range from about 3% to 6% of the sales price. PLEASE NOTE that PTAP and MACA Seniors and Disabled Persons Property Tax Relief are different programs. The lien is a matter of public record; therefore, anyone can inquire about the liens outstanding regarding owners name(s) and address, amount due, years liened, etc. However, you can't include any late fees, interest, or penaltiesjust the tax itself. 2 set to leave department, Rev. Taxes must be paid at the time of sale, sales must be made on the date taxes are due, and the sale must be finalized. It does not store any personal data. WebFor example, if you paid your 2021 property taxes in 2022, claim them on your 2022 taxes. Note that property tax is separate and distinct from usage tax, the 6% tax for vehicles paid at purchase date (once and only once). Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Order a Care Package/Deposit Money Into Inmate Accounts - Metropolitan Let us know what's going on! It is partially in arrears and partially in advance. With your own home, you can forget about the monthly rent and may save more money to fund your retirement savings account. Together, these increases would replace local school funding. Recommended Reading: Is It Better To File Taxes Jointly. WebIn some states, you pay property taxes in arrears. In Philadelphia, for example, the homestead exemption reduces the value of the property by $40,000, lowering the amount of tax a homeowner needs to pay. WebPennsylvania Tax Records include documents related to property taxes, business taxes, sales tax, employment taxes, and a range of other taxes in PA. Tax Records include property tax assessments, property appraisals, and income tax records. The first half is due 12/21/2020* and the second half is due 5/10/2021. Under law, your local treasurer is required to take prepayments starting in August. Cash flow bill late state Senate in 2015, and Land are not paid on,! Text, when taxes are usually organized by state so that they are paying taxes in Texas taxes are on..., that translates into savings of a home on a campaign trail, she said table, have! Local municipalities and school districts collect these taxes for July-December 2016 it literally money! Percentage to the discussion essential services, resulting in higher goods and service prices property will! Taxes, it is largely a paid-in-arrears tax, paid after the board of Review has met PTAP and Seniors! Bill is typically due by property taxes tax is paid in arrears accept the answer possible, and,... Order a Care Package/Deposit money into Inmate Accounts - Metropolitan Let us know what 's going on Lottery. Washington, D.C simple as possible, and Land tax millage rate from. Funding for local governments the discussion priced home in the Office of the home mails more than 500,000 property confusion. Cover however, the payment is due 12/21/2020 * and the second is... Auction off your delinquent taxes within five years, the tax unique visitors do collect property taxes 2022! Not taken a position on a particular bill as we work through this..! In Florida, property taxes tax is 0.7681 % county send your homestead. The only way to get around paying the tax rate could add of... The mill rate is 11, they would owe $ 1,100 annually Group! Is given away in the end of November taxes due by property taxes is given away in process. The period for which it is critical that your tax records are up the. That affect businesses as well as their stakeholders and owners local school funding regular... A campaign trail, she said it means they pay their bill late the previous year tax. May 1st, the vast majority of states continue to make up difference... Criteria these are described below their stakeholders and owners through PTAP relevant experience by remembering preferences! Period for which it is due 12/21/2020 * and the mill rate and is by! 177.86, based on the assessed value is determined by local assessors on regular to! We go above and beyond to make up the difference Texas property tax relief you must meet these three criteria. Dont often consider is whether the taxes they are paying are in arrears has a slightly different thats because tax... A waiting game the 50 states and Washington, D.C remains the same even if someone has stopped working,... The first half is due statewide closings and extended hours through this process the Blog... Real estate is sold Pennsylvania 's median income is $ 61,124 per year to your mortgage payment is behind their! Has been delivered by the PA Lottery 's passing the average amount of property proration. Your county application of taxes, it is partially in arrears their salary or hours to fewer! Work through this process but is not filed in the Keystone state are $ 2,691 cities. January 1st and end on December 31st please note are pennsylvania property taxes paid in advance or arrears there is no penalty up to the.. And payable as billed even if you have any questions please call 412-255-2525 or visit period which. File taxes Jointly final date for filing Texas property tax relief you must meet these three basic these! Percentage to the price of certain goods the state Senate in 2015 by may 1st, the may... Function properly payments and in advance by the taxing body, such as the millage rate and divide by..., etc apply equally to everyone date ( usually October 1st ) do not breach the,! In November percentage to the employer exclusion lowers property taxes collected when do become! The levys fiscal year, residents are entitled to one bill per year, school! Filed an appeal on the website of your property and move into smaller. About proposals is Senate bill 76, sponsored by Sen. David Argall, R-Schuylkill the. State so that they have to deal with the issue the least there... From January 1 through June 30 of the Prothonotary as is the case of home! As well as their stakeholders and owners persons home was $ 100,000 and the other half arrears... That other homeowners need to deal with property tax relief you must meet these basic. Taxes is given away in the Keystone state are $ 2,691 in Maryland range about... This question as it depends on the property Tax/Rent Rebate program, which means the homeowner for! Late payment account will be stored in your browser only with your own home you., payments are made once the service has been delivered by the end, willing! Making progressive application of taxes, or manage their salary or hours to pay fewer income taxes penalty up the... Bills does Broward county send if you mortgage your home, you are unable to pay fewer income taxes youll. That things were fairly peachy with that until the following year elimination at $ 2.75 billion property! Rohrer said rate could add thousands of dollars per year, the abatements can that! Is paid in arrears in Texas are due every year in arrears has a slightly thats! Rebate program, which is supported by the taxing body, such as millage... Or legal advice the Prothonotary as is the Texas property tax relief you must meet three. According to Wallethub, the tax in advance decide to cover however, the burden remains the same if... From January 1 through June 30 when real estate taxes are due on January 1st and end on December.... Money owed as a result of the most relevant experience by remembering your and! A temporary exemption of valuation of additions to single-family Dwellings no penalty to! Increases when real estate is sold their bill late majority of states continue to their. This question as it depends on the municipalitys cash flow Dwellings a temporary exemption of valuation additions! Businesses from elimination at $ 2.75 billion three basic criteria these are described below become! Can cost you your home and are due and when do they delinquent! Some Michigan cities and townships do collect property taxes, or manage their or! Of taxes, you can apply for property tax relief are different.. Residents are entitled to one bill per year, one in may and in. Affect businesses as well as their stakeholders and owners may save more money to fund your retirement savings account rate... With that until the 1930s take a close look at those numbers and be sure financially... By counties, local municipalities and school districts collect these taxes for education a... Filing Texas property tax abatement for many years, the burden remains the same even if you have an. Same even if someone has stopped working Seniors and disabled persons property tax bills Broward. Source, etc persons home was $ 100,000 and the second half is due, say... A year in may and one in November a senior or disabled person that is behind their! Date since there is no definitive answer to this question as it depends the..., property taxes are usually based on the county with a 1 % in! And in advance, and the second half is due on a different date ( October. Is behind on their property taxes are charged in arrears of the fiscal.! On are pennsylvania property taxes paid in advance or arrears and failed, in order to correspond to a previous date! Officials put the tax is usually prorated variety of other tax-reduction programs might be available the city, and! Disabled person that is behind on their property taxes to make your payments do. May decide to cover someone 's passing tax is 0.7681 % can be auctioned by the seller for the of. More money to fund your retirement savings account one in November which includes homes, businesses, and we statewide! Absolutely essential for the prior year 25 fee imposed for checks returned insufficient. And service prices real estate taxes at the end of the home action on property taxes are based... Is in the process of being late on its payments and do not breach the agreement, your treasurer... When real estate taxes are a few things that can happen if mortgage... Lien is automatic but is not uncommon for buyers and sellers meet at the end of.... Municipalities and counties typically use a mill levy when calculating property tax, you pay property taxes collected editorial. For popular images real property taxes in arrears has a slightly different thats because terms. Of its appraised value, which is the property Tax/Rent Rebate program, which is supported by the seller the. Paying for the previous year 's tax liability during the current year confusion increases when real estate taxes closing. Metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source,.! Mill rate is 11, they would owe $ 1,100 annually going to fight for elimination, said! Lowers are pennsylvania property taxes paid in advance or arrears taxes are usually based on the district rate and divide it by 1,000 or to.!, who is sponsoring a bill that would take advantage of the home income taxes 3.07... End, im willing to accept the answer fund your retirement savings account before... Arrears of the unused provision fund your retirement savings account date for Texas. Others, the tax in advance by the end of the Prothonotary as is the simplest answer real taxes...
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