WebThe Middle colonies were made up of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Deposits for iron forging of anchors, nails and other ship parts was discovered nearby. Britain closed the West Indies trade to American ships. This created a further divide between the Puritans and the Church of England, and eventually England as an entity. They geographically and culturally stood between the New England and southern colonies. The yard built two great battleships New Jersey and Wisconsin, and over fifty warships including innovative torpedo (PT boats) and fast aircraft carriers. A. This spawned the creation of two distinct social classes throughout the Southern Colonies: a wealthy aristocratic class of large landowners, and the modest substance farmer. Note in the background a billboard for Sun Shipbuilding boasting 30 years of Progressive Activity above five images of increasingly larger ships. E. on large farms. Geography contributed significantly to the types of industries that were found in the Middle Colonies because the land in the modern-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania A. their readiness to approach their religious conflict as open warfare. This distinction was made by the colonists as opposed to the British Government, as the ways of life in each region was different. Thus, the Middle Colonies became four of the most ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse of the Thirteen Colonies. Join us July 13-16! Moreover, the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Corporation (founded in 1916) of Marcus Hook, below Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania and New Jersey (later Pusey and Jones) Shipyard of Gloucester City, New Jersey, just below Camden, and the federal shipyard of Pennsylvania on Hog Island, below the city, constructed tankers, cargo ships, and troop transports. New York and Philadelphia grew at a E. The community had recently converted to a religion far different from Puritani. Meanwhile, New York Ship hired 40,000 workers who constructed battleships, aircraft carriers, and destroyers. WebThe abundance of timber and lumber made shipbuilding cheap in the colonies. UNAUTHORIZED REPUBLICATION IS A COPYRIGHT VIOLATIONContent Usage Permissions. The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. Education in the colonies was In 1681 Charles II of England gave William Penn the region in payment of a debt owed to Penns father. WebThe shipbuilding industry was quick to recover after the war, however, with an average of 100,000 tons being built each year through the 1820s. Throughout the colonies, what did husbands expect from their wives? Entering the industry was relatively easy for the prospective master shipwright, as little capital was needed. Died August 24, 1967 C. discounting the element of choice in a person's faith. 2 vols. However, many German Lutheran and Calvinist groups immigrated to Pennsylvania specifically for the tolerant religiosity of the colony. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram Those who left helped populate the nearby colonies of New Jersey and Delaware alongside other British settlers that valued the religious tolerance of the overall Middle Colonies. For instance, the Chesapeake Region featured many who had moved from the Middle Colonies after being released from indentured servitude from the numerous farms up north. An outbreak of syphilis affected the day-to-day lives of most of the community. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Establishing representative governments: While on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims drafted a simple constitution called the Mayflower Compact, which established an early form of self-government. Payment was usually made in installments, with part of the cost paid up front as cash. A. C. primarily intended for young women. But the yard could not support a nuclear navy since during World War II an accident in the uranium enriching plant on base had forecast the potential for a nuclear accident in the Delaware Valley. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. D. She managed profitable indigo plantations even while married and signaled the possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles. Social divisions decreased as the colonies matured. The colony did not grow as fast as English colonies in North America and did not produce profit for the Dutch. The Middle colonies had a mild climate with warm summers. These smaller farmers did not have the capital to compete with the larger plantations in the production and sale of produce, so many of these farmers sought to only care for themselves or family, as opposed to accumulating wealth and climbing the social ladder. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! World War II was arguably the most important period for Philadelphia and Delaware valley shipbuilding as part of its place as the Arsenal of Democracy. In some cases, trained free blacks and slaves filled some of these roles in the shipyard, most often working as caulkers. The main economic activities of the Middle Colonies included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons and rich, fertile land. Thus, ironically, New England felt the most resentment to English colonial rule. It meant that the navy yard could experiment with the innovative screw propeller technology of John Ericsson (1803-89), building the trailblazing first propeller driven warship, Princeton. A. need for a literate workforce. Whereas the Chesapeake Region was diverse in faith and trade, the actual Southern Region, of Georgia, the Carolinas, and inland Virginia, was not so. Cramp became during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the most significant shipyard in the United States, constructing modern battleships, cruisers, and torpedo boat destroyers for the U.S. Navy and warships for Latin American and Russian contractors. This meant that the small craft shipyards of colonial times would eventually be replaced by larger industrial firms. But there were major competitors. Benjamin Franklin emphasized the Enlightenment in his B. promising to reinforce traditional Puritanism. New Englanders applied for township grants and settled areas as groups and church congregations. But after British evacuation of the Continental capital, shipbuilders returned to construct warships for the revolutionary government. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2006. The Middle colonies were situated north of the Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and As international crises led to a second world war, Philadelphia received more huge contracts to build modern warships, and in 1939, for construction of the first of many Federal Defense Housing projects for shipyard worker housing, including that for African-Americans and women. B. In the seventeenth century, the cash crop that was the basis of the economy in Virginia and Maryland was Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Nevertheless, a number of early 19th century industrial and economic developments revived Delaware River shipbuilding in the years before the Civil War. An attack by hostile forces left the Philadelphia severely damaged. Tyler, David B. WebColonists now had the ability to make tools, nails, plows, and other metalworks that benefited the farming and fabrication industry present in the Middle Colonies. These frigates, designed by naval architect and Southwark shipbuilder Joshua Humphreys, became the prototype of the U.S. Navys first 44-gun frigates such as the Constitution. Meanwhile, Penn recruited Welsh, Irish, Scot and English Quaker craftsmen who were involved in shipbuilding in Bristol, England, and more fully along the Thames River, already by 1682 a great center of ship construction and merchant houses. D. the need for transporting southern cotton The mellow atmosphere consolidated with the prolific earth permitted little homesteads to prosper, and the Middle Colonies in the end got to be known as the Bread Basket. The western river steamboat, with its rear paddle wheel, was not commonly used until the 1820s. The fertility of the land led to the Middle Colonies becoming a large exporter of wheat, corn, rye, hemp and flax. WebThe Middle colonies were made up of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: The Southern Colonies were separated into two categories: the Chesapeake Region, and the Southern Region. Establishing representative governments: While on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims drafted a simple constitution called the Mayflower Compact, which established an early form of self-government. However, when Patriotic forces won over the region and its people the Church of England quickly became the Episcopalian Church, which continued the traditions of the Church of England but removed the Monarch as Head of Church, establishing a new church many Southerners remained with. This may seem surprising since Philadelphia and nearby Delaware riverfront ports lie one hundred miles from the Atlantic Ocean up an often treacherous Delaware Bay and river filled with shifting sandbars and an ever-changing deepwater ship channel. CCC imprison: jail WebThe Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. There were other important industries besides agriculture in the middle colonies. Unlike solidly Puritan New England, the middle colonies presented an assortment of religions. Hutchins, John G. B. A. passion for science and experimentation. AAA horse: saddle THE SOUTHERN COLONIES: The Southern Colonies were separated into two categories: the Chesapeake Region, and the Southern Region. Additionally, due to the proximity of the Chesapeake Bay, many colonists participated in maritime trades like fishing or shipbuilding. These areas provided colonists the perfect climate and soil to grow the cash crops of tobacco, cotton, and indigo, a dark blue dye valued at a premium by many European powers, alongside other raw materials to be sent to the British Isles or to other colonies. WebThe Middle colonies were made up of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. There were 125 colonial shipyards by the year 1750. B. southern purchases of New England-made ships A. in a religiously tolerant society. To assist the ailing shipbuilding industry, the new American government implemented regulations, including tax breaks, that favored American-built ships. C. Settlers lived in small but ornate houses. B. in communities where church and state were intertwined. The Church of England stressed that the Monarch of England was also to be Head of the Church of England as well. The USS Cleveland under construction at the New York Shipbuilding Corp. shipyard in Camden, 1941. 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