Trends i. [419] New Zealand yields produce from land and sea most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. "[127] For political reasons, Taiwan was a member of the Oceania Football Confederation during the 1970s and 1980s, rather than the Asian Football Confederation. OCEANIA. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000(according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). Many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage. Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. 2.5 million), Perth (pop. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. [84] She stated that Oceania was divided up into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Zealand and the Melanesian islands), Malesia (which included all present-day countries within the Malay archipelago, not the modern country of Malaysia) and Polynesia (which included both the Polynesian and Micronesian islands in her definition). Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. English. [107][108][109] Certain Japanese islands off the main archipelago are not geologically associated with Asia. Although these regions, as well as the large East Asian islands of Taiwan, Hainan and the Japanese archipelago, have varying degrees of cultural connections. Many remain preliterate and, at the national or international level, the names of tribes and information about them is extremely hard to obtain. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. [221], The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,[222][223] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. [67] Papua New Guinea is geographically the closest country to Australia, and is often geologically associated with Australia as it was once physiologically connected. Fukudome, Shigeru, "Hawaii Operation". Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. "[87] Rand McNally & Company, an American publisher of maps and atlases, claimed in 1892 that, "Oceania comprises the large island of Australia and the innumerable islands of the Pacific Ocean" and also that the islands of the Malay archipelago "should be grouped in with Asia. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. Population growth through agriculture ii. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. [429][430] These rock paintings served several functions. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galpagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;[141] all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific Ring of Fire, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. [67] These tropical islands are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. [123] Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the Cocos Plate, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. PRB's World Population Data Sheet is an excellent reference and data analysis tool. "[38] He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world. attiarndt/Getty Images Area: 178,703 square miles (462,840 sq km) [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. The Population and Public Health Branch ensures that core public health . From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country. Geographic coordinates. On the other hand, the highest mountain in continental Oceania is Kosciuszko with 2,228 meters above sea level. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." Lista de correio - Ver mais. The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many continental plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents. The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. The term Oceania is usually used to denote the region . Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Oceania: Population, Characteristics, Economy And Religions. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. APT Satellite provides satellite communication and satellite . These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. In 1820, the first American missionaries arrived to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians Western ways. "[99] Scottish academic John Merry Ross in 1879 considered Polynesia to cover the entire South and Central Pacific area, not just islands ethnographically within Polynesia. "[138], In his 1994 book Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Oceania. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. [184][183], Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia c. 70,000 years ago[185] and arrived in Australia c. 50,000 years ago. English, French, Bislama (Bichelama) plus more than 100 local languages. New Zealand uses its lakes for hydroelectric power generation. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. It is one of three massive states that are constantly at war with each other, with the. Vocabulary. Teachers are encouraged to have their students use the Data Sheet for a variety of topics and activities. [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. [374], Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy[375] with Charles III at its apex as the King of Australia, a role that is distinct from his position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. 37 million. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. [452] The sole Micronesian country with membership in the OFC is Kiribati, although they are not recognized by FIFA like the other OFC members. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. "[46] Some geographers group the Australian tectonic plate with others in the Pacific to form a geological continent. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Some of the most prominent Oceanic battlegrounds were the Battle of Bita Paka, the Solomon Islands campaign, the Air raids on Darwin, the Kokada Track, and the Borneo campaign. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. However, he wrote that these islands "are not usually reckoned as belonging to it, because they are known to be inhabited by races of people who came immediately from the adjacent continents and are unconnected with those tribes of the human race who peopled the remote islands of this great ocean." 1.4 million); except Auckland, all cities are located in Australia. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. When compared to the other continents, Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second least populated after Antarctica. [104] The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. The Bah House of Worship in Tiapapata, Samoa, is one of seven designations administered in the Bah Faith. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. [443] In Papua New Guinea, the most popular sport is Rugby league. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. The use and scope of this term varies. Australia and New Zealand, along with other countries, are members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit (EAS), which may become trade blocs in the future particularly EAS. The most popular overall sport in Australia is cricket, with their national team having won the Cricket World Cup a record five times. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." [288] A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. "[136] In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the Netherlands East Indies", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither Commonwealth realm has close ties with Asia. The highest level of the sport is the Australian Football League (AFL), which was the fourth best attended sporting league in the world during the 2010s. [22][23][bettersourceneeded] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and pre-Columbian America, hence a lack of association with either. [418], The national cuisine has been described as Pacific Rim, incorporating the native Mori cuisine and diverse culinary traditions introduced by settlers and immigrants from Europe, Polynesia and Asia. The executive power is exercised by the government. [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. [67] This is due to their location in the center of the Pacific, their biogeography and their oceanic geology. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. The population of the Oceania / Pacific region is approximately 300 million. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2022. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. What Is The Population Of Oceania? Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. Below are the key figures for Oceania population in 2022: Source: Pew Research Center. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. Updates? [135] The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies stated in 1996 that Oceania was defined as Australia and an ensemble of various Pacific Islands, "particularly those in the central and south Pacific [but] never those in the extreme north, for example the Aleutian chain. CSIRO Publishing. A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With migrants comprising approximately 22 per cent of the population, the region far outstrips global averages. [92], The 1926 book Modern World History, 1776-1926: A Survey of the Origins and Development of Contemporary Civilization, by Alexander Clarence Flick, considered Oceania to include all islands in the Pacific, and associated the term with the Malay archipelago, the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (then known as Formosa) and the Kuril Islands (currently administered by Russia, but which were then partly split between Japan and Russia). Papua New Guinea alone is home to one-third of the world's languages - about 780 distinct vernaculars. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. 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