If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. 2 Answers Sorted by: 8 In iOS 10 / macOS 10.12, it is now possible to share hierarchies of records in a user's private database with other users. You can think of the name as the primary key of the record in a simple database sense (names must be unique, for example). And I'd like to show you one specific call site. Update the selected zone from defaultZone to the automatically generated com.apple.coredata.cloudkit.zone. Tap the Add Destination button. Once youve completed that task, set showShareSheet, which presents CloudSharingView, to true. Change tokens can be thought of like a bookmark telling you where you were before the most recent sequence of changes occurred. and automatically assigns records to them. Now that youve sent an invitation to your second user, you need to set the app to accept the invitation and add the data into the shared store. For example, a user may have made edits on one device while in airplane mode, and then absent-mindedly made different edits on another device before turning airplane mode off on the first device. Please check your Internet connection and try again. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. Learn to share data between CoreData and CloudKit in a SwiftUI app. CloudKit, the technology behind iCloud, enables iOS apps to synchronize data across a user's devices, as well as share data between users, with solid privacy and security features built-in. Saving records is, perhaps, the most complicated operation. Sharing with one other person is interesting, Each of these participants will be able to access. And exactly how much did I have to change in the sample application? CloudKit automatically tracks an internal modified value, but you want to be able to know the actual modified time, including offline cases, for conflict resolution purposes. However, Apple strongly urges developers to use the operations rather than the convenience methods. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Manage Settings which manages the persistent CloudKit container, And you can see it's a bit more complicated. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. if I change this line of code to use an existing share, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will attempt to assign. To complete the demo, I had to make two other changes. With this code in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to present CloudSharingView. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. to write all of these tests and structure the application. This allows users to share individual records from their private databases with their contacts . I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly. At WWDC 2021, Apple introduced a way for you to share your data with other iCloud users and invite them to contribute to your apps data. Pauls been a developer for nearly three decades, working with many tech stacks but with a focus on Apple. You need to extract information about the participants of this share. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. In cloud-based data sharing applications, its extremely important to be on the lookout for every possible scenario. This view contains the logic for your share button. This second step may be repeated in the case of a conflict. bookmark, personalise your learner profile and more! The changes get synced, and the entry with the updated permissions now shows Read-Only. And, as of iOS 10, a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the group. Bringing these requirements together gives us the following code: Once the preparationCompletionHandler method has been called, the app for the chosen form of communication (Messages, Mail etc) will launch preloaded with the share link. In the iCloud section, tap the + button underneath Containers to add a custom container. This chapter has covered the basics of CloudKit sharing, a topic which will be covered further in a later chapter entitled An iOS CloudKit Sharing Example. I get a Error Fetching Record error, even if I copy and paste it in. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. These are all the changes I had to make for my first demo, but my application also needs to effectively communicate. Let's see that in action. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer know where to keep your records? The most common options are via email or text message. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. Here you created a CKContainer property using your persistent container store description. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. Select your desired delivery method and send the invitation. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. At least one real device To send and accept share invitation(s). to combine the .private and .shared databases. After the share has been saved to the database, the cloud sharing controller needs to be notified that the share is ready to be sent. If you sent the invitation from a real device, that can be a simulator. Apple added sharing to CloudKit. Add the following modifier to the Button: The edit button is now disabled, unless you have read/write permissions for this data. Figure 48 2 shows an example share options settings screen: Once a method of communication has been selected by the user from the cloud sharing controller, the completion handler assigned to the controller will be called. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The final step is to set the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. Launch a simulator. It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. On the other hand, this injection technique makes it easy and fast to test different configurations of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways we can share the data our applications create. This takes you to a screen to add a recent destination you visited. From this screen, you can take a few actions. The final topic I'd like to cover today is support for another new feature in CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values. Third, create an iCloud container that hosts your data in iCloud. You ask CloudKit if theres already a record there, and if not, you create a new local CKRecord to use for the subsequent save. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is meant to be invoked in the create-share phase of UICloudSharingController's workflow. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. For these reasons, I am using the operations in these code examples. Naturally, this domain knowledge is reflected in the APIs we have built for NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Customizations like this necessarily require. Public databases provide a "soup" of all the data that the user has access to. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. Finally, I invoke UICloudSharingController's completion block with the results provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. Heres Apples sample project on Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. For example, this user may have a private zone and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Once youve completed these steps, the data in your app then automagically sync with iCloud. For more information, check Apples video on Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Mary shows that she is a Read-Only participant on the share. Over time, however, Apple has addressed these issues. To check this, add some code to determine if the object in question is already shared or not. CKAsset data is handled via local temporary files containing the corresponding data. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! NSPersistentCloudKitContainer includes a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. Note also, I am using a CKQuerySubscription with a very simple always true predicate to watch for changes on the one (and only) Note record. Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Lets look now at a layer built on top of that to manage these operations in the context of a specific Note. Fetching a record by name is very straightforward. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. If you have any questions or comments, please join the forum discussion below. As always, I can't wait to see what you build with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. The SharingProvider has methods for binding. that he is a Read-Only participant on the share. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote for the MainViewController to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate if a post is shared. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description-- here just a copy of the one for the .private store with a different URL. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. Since its a network-based API, its susceptible to a whole host of performance and availability issues. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection. When a record is shared, a share link is sent to the recipient user in the form of a URL. Well, let me show you. This means that you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code. Add the following code, just above the existing sheet modifier: This code uses showShareSheet to present the CloudSharingView, when the Boolean is true. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. 2 Reviews. Build and run again. designed to pair directly with UICloudSharingController. Toptal handpicks top iOS developers to suit yourneeds. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. Open CoreDataStack.swift. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. Now, on Heather's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. For app developers, the situation was even worse. class NSPersistentCloudKitContainerEventRequest A request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a persistent CloudKit container. This means not only the owner but also the second user can modify the data shared with them. These options are accessed and modified by tapping the Share Options item at the bottom of the cloud sharing controller view. A user of an app could, for example, make one or more records accessible to other users so that they can view and, optionally, modify the record. This involves the creation of a CKFetchRecordsOperation object using the record ID contained within the CKShareMetadata object. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. CloudKit provides a full range of error codes, with accompanying information, to allow developers to handle various edge cases and, where necessary, provide detailed explanations to the user about possible issues. . The final step is to add the Background Modes capability and enable Remote Notifications. In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check. Also, a CloudKit record may only be shared if it is stored in a private database and is a member of a record zone other than the default zone. These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. Once you accept the share on the second device, its now part of your shared zone in iCloud. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. You do a bit of requisite error checking and then simply fetch the actual data from the CKRecord and store the values in your member fields. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail in the session "What's New in CloudKit." The next step is to create the container your data will live in. Since CloudKit is deeply tied to Apples operating systems and devices, its not suitable for applications that require a broader range of device support, such as Android or Windows clients. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Otherwise, use fetchShares(matching:) to see if you have objects matching the objectID in question. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. Careful error handling is absolutely essential for a CloudKit client. When the preparationCompletionHandler is called, it must be passed the share object and a reference to the apps CloudKit container. Another user will see a different set of zones. Likewise, I can't swipe to delete this post, and if I put the table view in editing mode by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. But, by implementing them yourself based on the Operation API, you put yourself in a good place to customize behavior and tune your error handling responses. CloudKit app require a few items to be enabled on the Capabilities Pane of the Xcode Target: iCloud (naturally), including the CloudKit checkbox, Push Notifications, and Background Modes (specifically, remote notifications). The convenience API is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be a bit intimidating. informative user interfaces for our users. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. You would need a unique identifier for that CKRecord. If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. directly to specific call sites in my application. But ideally, we would have a single place directly in the Photos app where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. When the recipient taps on the share link, the app (if installed) will be launched and provided with the shared record information ready to be displayed. 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