But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. 0000020907 00000 n Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. Unfortunately, the incident did not generate a wider protest against . Concept Notes & Videos 438. Seminar on What did Justice Party achieve?. 0000000016 00000 n Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. The Brahmin monopoly was quite formidable as with only 3.2% of the population they had 72% of all graduates. The year 1916 was significant. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. Non-brahmin Manifesto is historically important equating itself with the Magna Carta (1215) the United Kingdom which curtailed the enormous rights vested with the Royal King, an undesirable feature in democratic polity. Some of the old ideals are still there. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. Syllabus. Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as Nation building is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. hWZt.of{qzM\ :M43P7*Y1hg{2":]/B,(~6Vzw@D~w6;WK ULR/Z~g>5|geBgv]^Yb2)BR%z[[s4IW5rqxTf7|gM^5d+W0,0NVoa]=l_ rlH0MHd0*1 The non-Brahmin communities have been trying to grab the opportunity by setting up . The manifesto was criticised by the Home rule periodical New India. The 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' by the Justice Party in December 1916 became an important document which would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. 5ylWuP.%"W`K`o=e~]W0,,,,,,/1CN9s:ttwp: Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C.Natesan b) Pitty Theyagarayar c) T.M.Nair d)Raja of Panagal. Updated on November 18, 2019. Great and pressing is the task. Out of 140 Deputy Collectors in Madras at the time, 77 were Brahmins, 30 non-Brahmin Hindus, and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christians, Europeans and Anglo Indians. A month later, on December 20, readers of The Hindu and of Besant's New India were treated to SIPA's 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto', which declared opposition to 'the . The Non-Brahmin group was led by the legendary Sir Pitti Theagaroya Chetti. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". Chaturvarna system should have no place in a civilised social order. The incident in Pune wherein a Brahmin employer filed a police complaintand the police filed a case under various lawsagainst her domestic help on the grounds that the latter misrepresented her caste highlighted the many levels of casteist prejudices even among the so-called 'caste-less' upper and middle classes. I was a member of Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) in 1948 and participated in many progressive agitations convened by DK. In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. It tried for communal representation when it formed the Ministry in 1920. But in what passes for politics in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled. As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. startxref During my service in the higher judiciary, I delivered many judgments enabling dispensation of Social Justice through the means of reservation, as enshrined in the Indian Constitution. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. 0000004241 00000 n 0 The manifesto became an important document that would shape the rise of Dravidian movement later. Prof. Dr.A.Ramaswamy, former Vice Chairman of Higher Education Council, Government of Tamil Nadu and President of Dravidian Historical Research Centre (DHRC) presided over the seminar. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. ^!{X(@L1qZ';P< . The Justice Party was formed and the main aim of the Justice party was to neutralize the Home Rule. What is true of Government Service is equally true of local and other public bodies. They make little or no use of their influence among the masses for the general advancement of the country, in these days of organised effort, they maintain no advancement of the country. 0000002637 00000 n As there was rapid growth of education in Madras Presidency, there was an increase in the number of educated non-Brahmins. Prof A.Karunanandan, Secretary of DHRC spoke on Social Justice achievements of Justice Party. During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes. described in detail the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the public Service of this Province, not definitely as cham-pion of non Brahmin interests but with a view to showing that if simultanous examinations in England and India for admission into the I.C.S. The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. It is not necessary for our purpose to go into the details of this extravagant scheme, or into those of the other submitted to His Excellency the Viceroy by nineteen members of the Imperial Legislative Council, We are not in favour of any measure, which, in operation, is designed, or tends completely, to undermine the influence and authority of the British Rulers, who alone, in the present circumstances of India, are able to hold the scales even between creed and class, and to develop that sense of unity and national solidarity, without which India will continue to be a congeries of mutually exclusive and warring groups, without a common purpose and a common patriotism. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. The time has come when an attempt should be made to define the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called The Indian Home Rule Movement, and also to indicate certain facts with respect to their present political position. a) 1909 b) 1919 c) 1915 d) 1917 Explanation In this context, the Dravidian movement emerged as a defence of the non-Brahmins against the Brahmin dominance. 0000025486 00000 n 38 (1) of the Constitution of India says, "The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.". The Dravidian movement is popularly characterised as the south Indian, non-Brahmin revolt against the . twentieth century. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. Justice Party released its non-Brahmin manifesto in December 1916. Chalam. .-yww{9rsr.XdVl`p+Vx#mTBA t8BA t8Bl0}> {&MYGN(|E2_W>0|]_);QtDE'N(;Qt;1tb7 Fo7 Fo7 Fgs |a|1,!J%|B,=MS\{8.` W. 10. Answer: Reservation of jobs for Non - Brahmins in Government service and seats in representative bodies. NonBrahmin Manifesto is not based on the origin of races. The manifesto became a significant document that would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. 0000003934 00000 n Advertisement Remove all ads. Sir, Alexander (then Mr.) Cardew, now a member of the Madras Executive Council, in his evidence before the Public Service Commission in 1913, described in detail, the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the Public Service of this province, not certainly as a champion of non-Brahmin interest, but with a view to show that if simultaneous examinations in England and India for admission into the Indian Civil Service, were introduced, the Brahmins, whom he characterised as a small rigidly exclusive caste would swamp that Service. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. Next to the felicitation session seminar on What did Justice Party achieve? was held. It is to hide this that a fake Brahmin-ghost is continuously being . Non Brahmin Manifesto may sound communal. 0000004158 00000 n The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C. Natesan For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 0000008178 00000 n This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. 3 0 obj function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(? 0000001477 00000 n But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the "rigidly exclusive caste". We are deeply devoted and loyally attached to British rule, for that rule, in spite of its many short-comings and occasional aberrations, is, in the main, just and sympathetic, We, indeed, hope that our rulers will, as their knowledge of the country expands, be more readily responsive to public feeling, when, of course, that feeling is clearly manifest and decidedly unambiguous, and that before they take any action they will examine the interests and wishes of each caste, class and community with more anxious care than heretofore and in a less conventional manner, When the spirit of social exclusiveness and the rigidity of class and caste begin to disappear, the progress towards self-government will unquestionably be more satisfactory, but, for the present, the practical politician has to concern himself with what lies immediately in front of him. No political, economic or social crisis has dented the thirty-year-old consolidation of the state's most prosperous elites behind the BJP so far. endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream 0000031124 00000 n The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued bya) C. Natesanb) Pitty Theyagarayar.c) T.M.Naird)Raja of Panagal Get the answers you need, now! 0000013093 00000 n At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . endobj Tamil Nadu's public institutions have been exorcised of the Brahmin ghost and are now ruled by non-brahmins and non-Dalits. What is true of Government Service is equally true of local and other public bodies. Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? 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